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Reviewed August 22, 2026. This article is educational and reflects the official guidance linked below. Tax outcomes depend on the facts, tax periods, notices, and deadlines in your case.
A defensible tax position connects the return, governing rule, contemporaneous records, and a credible explanation. Organize that chain for each issue and address gaps candidly rather than burying the examiner in unsorted documents.
A defensible tax position connects the return, governing rule, contemporaneous records, and a credible explanation. Organize that chain for each issue and address gaps candidly rather than burying the examiner in unsorted documents.
The key is to apply that principle to the actual tax year, records, and notices involved. Confirm current requirements from the official sources below, document the facts before contacting the agency, and protect any response or appeal deadline while the analysis is underway.
An IRS examination can be conducted by correspondence, in an IRS office, or in the field. The notice should identify the year, issues, documents requested, response method, and deadline. Start by comparing the notice to the return and source records rather than sending an unorganized box of documents or answering questions that were not asked.
Create an issue-by-issue file. For each disputed item, identify the return line, governing rule, evidence, and explanation. Bank statements alone may show that money moved, but not always why; invoices, receipts, contracts, mileage logs, canceled checks, and contemporaneous business records can establish purpose. If records are incomplete, reconstruction must be reasonable and transparent.
If the examiner proposes adjustments, review the report and the stated appeal rights carefully. Some disputes can be resolved by clarifying facts; others involve legal characterization or burden-of-proof questions. Missing a response or petition deadline can sharply narrow the choices, so calendar the date before doing anything else.
Usually the better approach is a complete but targeted response to the items requested. Keep originals unless the IRS specifically requires them, use legible copies, and retain proof of what was sent and when.
Start with primary guidance and confirm that the page has not changed:
Important: This is general educational information, not legal or tax advice. Do not ignore a notice or deadline while researching your options.
Organize the evidence, answer the issues raised, and preserve administrative or court deadlines.
Get a clear assessment of the notice, deadline, and options that apply to your circumstances.
Learn the first steps to take, common mistakes to avoid, and the information to gather before dealing with a tax problem.
